Sunday, December 13, 2009

SocSci Handouts

Overview
  • Foreign Threats and Causes
    -Portugese
    -Dutch
    -Chinese
    -British

  • Early Filipino Uprisings
    -Causes of Revolt
    -Key Players
    -Results


Foreign Threats and Causes
  1. Portugese Invasion
    • General Gonzalo de Preyra
      -Governor of Moluccas who led two attacks against the country in 1568 and 1570
    • Cause: the Treaty of Tordesillas


  2. Dutch Invasion
    • Oliver Van Noort
      - Attacked Manila from Nov. 8, 1600 to Dec. 14, 1600 with Spanish leadership of Antonio de Morga
    • Francisco de Wittert
      - Attacked country from Oct. 1609-April 10, 1620
      - Bombarded Iloilo
      - defeated in Manila by Juan de Silva
    • Causes: trade expansion; religion; Spanish feud


  3. Chinese Invasion
    • Limahong
      - Pirate who attacked Manila twice in 1573
      - Killed Martin de Goiti during battle Manila
    • Juan Bautista de Vera
      -Headed attack of Tondo and Quiapo in 1603
      -Crushed Luiz Perez Dasmarinas in battle
      -Defeated in San Pablo, Laguna
      *Parian (1581)
    • Cause: threat of uprising


  4. British Invasion
    • William Draper
      -Led the invasion of Manila and defeated Manuel Antonio Rojo in 1762
      -Ruled Philippines from 1762-1763. It ended through the Treaty of Paris in 1763
    • Cause: Alliance with France


Early Filipino Uprisings
Causes of revolt
  1. People's reactions to brutish cruelty associated with tribute collections and forced labor
  2. Native's reaction to the imposition of Christianity
    • 2 kinds of Christianity: Catholicism and Folk Catholicism

  3. Involvement of the people in Spanish wars and Spain's imperialistic goals
  4. Land issues

  • Communal vs. private; land grabbing
  • Center of uprising: Tagalog region
  • 20 cow ranches in the provinces of Bulacan and Batangas were owned by Jesuits, Dominicans, Augustines, and Recollects


Key Players
  1. Magat Salamat (Tondo, 1587)
    • Chosen leader to seek help from Sultan of Borneo to fight Spaniards
    • Cause of revolt: resentment against the conquest
    • Result: mission was aborted when arrested after betrayal of a native Christian

  2. Magalat (Cagayan, 1589)
    • Native chief of Cagayan province
    • Cause of revolt: resentment against conquest
    • Result: uprisings were quelled after Magalat was killed; other revolts followed: Furaganan, Gaddangs, Mandayas

  3. Bancao (Leyte, 1622)
    • Chief of Limasawa in 1622
    • Baptized to Catholic faith
    • Led the revolt at age 76
    • Cause of revolt: resentment against the conquest
    • quelled by Captain Alcarazo of Cebu and other native Cebuanos

  4. Tamblot (Bohol, 1622)
    • Native priest of Looc and 3 other villages
    • Cause of revolt: oppresion of the Castillians
    • Result: quelled by Cebu's alcalde mayor aided by 300 auxiliaries

  5. Juan Sumuroy (Samar, 1679-1680)
    • Native of Palapag and son of a babaylan
    • Worked as a sea pilot and the castellan of the presidio
    • Allied with Juan Ponce and Pedro Camug
    • Cause of uprising: imposition of compulsory labor
    • Result: defeated by surprise and beheaded by his followers

  6. Francisco Maniago (Pampanga, 1660)
    • Uprising lasted only 2 months
    • Cause of uprising: imposition of impulsory labor
    • Result: rebellion defused but inspired Pangasinan revolt

  7. Andres Malong (Pangasinan, 1660-1661)
    • A Binalatongnan chieftain and leader of the revolt
    • The master-of-camp of the province and trusted aide of the alcalde mayor
    • King of Pangasinan
    • Cause of uprising: imoosition of compulsory labor
    • Result: Lack of communication and betrayal of loyalist troops that led to defeat and execution by gunfire

  8. Juan dela Cruz Palaris (Pangasinan, 1762-1765)
    • Native coachman of Binatalongan, Pangasinan
    • Nothing is known about him except that he was a timawa
    • Nickname: Palapar
    • Binatalongan revolt was a revolt solely of and by the common people in both leadership and following
    • Cause of uprising: the cruelty in tribute collection
    • Result: defeated, betrayed, and hanged

  9. Diego Silang (Ilocos 1762-1763)
    • Born in Caba, la Union but grew up in VIgan and worked as a courier of the Vigan curate
    • Made alliance with the British
    • Betrayed by his close assistants, Miguel Vicos and Pedro Becbec
    • Cause of uprising: cruelty in tribute collection
    • Result: assasinated

  10. Gabriela Silang
    • Wife of Diego Silang who continued the fight of her husband through the leadership of her uncle, Nicolas Carino
    • Result: defeated and beheaded

  11. Apolinario dela Cruz/Hermano Pule (Tayabas 1840)
    • Established Confradia de San Jose which has the following beliefs: members will be safe from any harm if they wear their amulets, and the lord will help them in times of trials
    • Cause of uprising: religious beliefs
    • Result: suppresed by force and Pule was captured and shot

  12. Francisco Dagohoy (Bohol, 1774-1829)
    • Real name was Francisco Sendrijas
    • A native of Inabaga and a cabeza de barangay
    • Longest Filipino insurrection
    • Cause of uprising: refusal of Jesuit priest to give his brother (Sagarino) a Christian burial
    • Result: rebellion ceased through Capt. Sanz.


Nationalism
  1. What is Nationalism?
    • loyalty and devotion to nation
    • exaltation of the nation above all others
    • promotion of nation's culture and interests

  2. Promotion of Nationalism
    • Protect Natural Heritage
    • Protect National Heritage
    • Preserve Cultural heritage
    • Write local history
    • Attend commemoration of heroes
    • Promotion of Nationalism
    • Patronize local crafts, food, products, festivals, dances, instruments
    • Go to history museums
    • Respect national flag
    • Honor Heroes

  3. Kinds of Nationalism
    • According to R. Constantino
      Passive: latent
      Active: in action
    • Kinds of Nationalism according to T. Agoncillo
      - Offensive
      -Defensive
      -Chauvinism
      -Imperialism

  4. Evolution of Philippine Nationalism According to Agoncillo:
    a.) The Awakening (1850-1872)
    b.) Reform Movement (1872-1896)
    c.) Revolutionary Period (1896-1901)
    d.) Suppresed Nationalism (1901-1921)
    e.) Filipinization (1921-1935)
    f.) Commonwealth Period (1935-1941)
    g.) Evolution of Philippine Nationalism
    h.) Japanese Occupation (1941-1945)
    i.) Passive Nationalism (1945-1950)
    j.)Reawakening (1950-present)
  5. The Development and Growth of Nationalism
    • External Factors
      1.) Economic and Political Ideas
      - Machiavellianism
      -Mercantilism
      - Laissez-Faire
      2.) Opening of Canal Suez on November 17, 1869
      3.) Spread of Liberalism
      - American and French Revolution
      - Philosophies of:
      a.) John Locke (Two Treaties of the Government)
      b.) Jean Jacques Rousseau (Emile)
      c.) Francois Marie Arouet (Candide)
      d.) Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
      4.) Spanish civil war in 1868

    • Internal Factors

    1.) Opening of the Philippines to world trade in 1834
    2.) The rise of illustrados
    3.) Carlos Maria dela Torre (1869-1871) vs. Rafael de Izquierdo (1871-1873)
    4.) Secularization of Clergy
    • Issue between regular priests and secular priests
    • 181 out of 792 parishes were under the secular priests (1870); 150 out of 967 parishes were under the secular priests (1898)
    • Issues on visitation
    • Internal Factors
    • Basilio de Santa Justa
    • Fr. Pedro Pelaez
    • Archbishop Meliton Martinez


    5.) Cavite Mutiny
    • Uprising of arsenal workers (soldiers) at Fort San Felipe, Cavite headed by Sgt. La Madrid on Jan. 20, 1872
    • Cause: removal of entitlement/benefits of arsenal workers such as exemption from polo and tribute
    • Result: Terror of 1872

      6.) Death of GOMBURZA
    • Leaders of the secularization movement
    • Falsely accused of being part of the Cavite mutiny
    • Executed publicly on Feb. 17, 1872 together with Zaldua through strangulation by the garrote
    • Result: Awakening of Filipino nationalism

2 comments: